What does the term "controlled substances" refer to?

The term "controlled substances" refers specifically to drugs that are regulated by law because they have a high potential for abuse and may lead to physical or psychological dependence. This classification is established to ensure that these substances are used appropriately and only when medically necessary, minimizing the risk of misuse or addiction.

Controlled substances are categorized into schedules based on their potential for abuse, medical use, and safety or dependence risk. For instance, substances classified under Schedule I have no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse, whereas those in Schedule V have lower potential for abuse and are generally considered to have legitimate medical uses.

In contrast, drugs categorized as safe and non-addictive do not fall under this term, as they do not require such strict regulation. Over-the-counter medications and herbal supplements also do not qualify as controlled substances, as they are available without prescription and are not subject to the same regulations due to their established safety profile.